Glad you could appreciate what truly is a tiny capsule of the history. The women’s suffrage movement was attended by other women’s activist movements: for birth control, to be property owners, for sexual freedom, among them. While the U.S. has a couple of “leading edge” trophies, they aren’t totally shiny, those trophies, and overall, I would have to say, from the history, the U.S. has been a bit of a “laggard” when it comes to women’s voting rights. Hey, can’t be first and great in everything, huh? Much of this history comes from Wikipedia (and while you’ve already checked out that source, maybe this will be useful to others here.)
Europe was largely ahead of the US, and some of the countries viewed today as most progressive (and high on happiness scales) were also some of the earliest to grant women the right to vote. Sweden allowed women to vote as early as 1718, but by 1772, had reverted to male only voting. This is not an uncommon occurrence, plus some voting was conditional: women might be able to vote in a school or local election, but not federal; or they had to be unmarried property owners to vote; or they had to be white. In the U.S. some territories granted women the right to vote, then rescinded it when they became states. Some states in the US allowed women to be office holders before they were legally allowed to vote. So it’s sort of all over the place.
The first woman to vote anywhere in the US that we know of (excluding natives; more on that later) was in colonial America in 1756, in the state of Massachusetts when it was under British rule. She voted 3 times in a local township council of some kind. The first US state to enfranchise women was New Jersey, allowing female voting from 1776-1807, then rescinded. The Kingdom of Hawaii instituted universal suffrage (men, women, all races, property owner or not) in 1840, then rescinded it in 1852, and added the restriction on males that they had to be property owners to vote (Hawaii was annexed by the US in 1898). Other than those examples, the US is indeed a bit of a laggard or minimally, low-average, in the grand scheme of things.
In 1869 and for the first few years after, a number of provinces in the British and Russian empires gave women voting rights; some of those provinces became sovereign nations: Finland, New Zealand, Australia. In 1906, women in Russia’s Finland were the first in the world to gain racially-equal suffrage, and could also hold office.
Besides Sweden, other countries with early enfranchisement of women were the Corsica Republic (1755), the Pitcairn Islands (1838), the Isle of Man (1881).
Closer to home, the list goes like this:
Norway 1913
Canada 1917
Britain and Germany 1918
Austria, Netherlands, US 1920 (although blacks in the US had no legal voting protection in the southern states until 1965)
France 1944
Greece 1952
Switzerland 1959 at the local level, 1991 federal
And a couple of European jurisdictions in 1984 and 1990
While the women’s suffrage movement had an earlier start in Europe than the US, there were women’s groups in the UK that fought against women’s right to vote, the argument usually being either they had no military experience, or, that they were more than half the population.
Since a 1979 convention, female right-to-vote has been deemed a basic right by the UN.
As for indigenous nations, we know from writings by missionaries in 1654 that the Iroquois provided for women to vote in councils, and Iroquoian women were also delegated as peace ambassadors. They could also question and depose tribal chiefs. This was a matrilineal kinship system, with property and descent passed through the female line. You probably know this, but the US Constitution and form of governance was influenced by the Iroquois Confederacy’s (six different tribes) “Great Law of Peace.” Numerous people have commented over the years that what the US left out was the role of women…