Originally published at: https://integrallife.com/when-democracy-eats-itself-navigating-the-politics-of-confusion/
Mark Edwards and Bruce Alderman explore Jean-Pierre Faye’s “Horseshoe Theory,” which reveals that political extremes curve toward each other when they abandon democratic norms, explaining why some voters support both Trump and AOC as anti-establishment alternatives. The discussion introduces meta-theoretical tools including Roy Bhaskar’s concept of “demi-reality,” Bruno Latour’s analysis of “modal confusion,” and the possibility of “post-conventional coalitions” that transcend left-right polarization while maintaining democratic integrity.